Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease: The role of nutrition

Abstract

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles whose primary function is energy production. It does, however, operate as a regulator of several metabolic pathways other than those involved in energy production. One of these is the generation of reactive oxygen species, an imbalanced increase that causes oxidative damage. Apart from oxidative damage, disruption of the mitochondrial biogenesis cycle, which is required for long-term mitochondrial function, can be at the root of various health issues, including common diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. Many studies in the literature have yielded conclusions on the positive or negative impacts of diet type, calorie consumption, and macro and micronutrients on the structure, composition, and function of mitochondria, and the biogenesis process. Some of these findings are associated with disease pathogenesis, while others are associated with improved health and a prolonged lifespan. The purpose of this review is to assess the positive and negative effects of nutrition on mitochondrial function. In this context, various chronic diseases, severe illnesses, aging, and muscle health are examined in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction and nutrition. At the same time, the concept of epigenetics was mentioned while researching the relationship between mitochondrial structure and function, and nutrition.

Cite this article as: Rodop BB, Erbaş O. Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease: The role of nutrition. D J Med Sci 2023;9(1):43-55. doi: 10.5606/fng.btd.2023.121.

Writing the article, idea: B.B.R.; Supervision: O.E.

Data Sharing Statement:
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/ or publication of this article.

The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.