Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in meningiomas and its relationship with Ki-67 proliferation index and recurrence

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and histopathological features, Ki-67 proliferation index, and recurrence in meningiomas.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 49 patients who underwent surgery for meningioma between January 2003 and December 2006. Archived pathological specimens were re-evaluated for histopathological subtype, World Health Organization (WHO) grade, Ki-67 staining level, and MMP-1 staining characteristics. Age, sex, extent of resection, and recurrence data were obtained from clinical records. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis, as appropriate.

Results: Forty-nine meningioma cases (16 males, 33 females; mean age: 59.02 ± 13.96 years; range: 11 to 82 years) met the inclusion criteria. Recurrence was observed in nine of 49 cases (18.4%). Patients with recurrence were significantly younger than those without recurrence (49.67 ± 6.45 vs. 61.17 ± 11.68 years, p = 0.024). Recurrence was significantly more frequent in WHO Grade 2 tumors than in Grade 1 tumors (p = 0.026). Subtotal resection was associated with a significantly higher recurrence rate compared with total resection (p = 0.002). Ki-67 level was significantly higher in recurrent cases than in non-recurrent cases (11.05 ± 12.94 vs. 3.75 ± 5.31, p = 0.010). However, no significant relationship was found between recurrence and MMP-1 staining extent, staining intensity, or staining level. There was also no significant correlation between MMP-1 staining level and Ki-67 proliferation index (rho = –0.166, p = 0.261).

Conclusion: In this series, MMP-1 expression was not associated with recurrence or proliferative activity in meningiomas. In contrast, Ki-67 level, histological grade, and extent of resection were more meaningful predictors of recurrence. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 alone does not appear to be a reliable biomarker for predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas.

Cite this article as: Bölükbaşı FH, Sarı R, Ayan E, Uyar Bozkurt S, Elmaci İ. Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in meningiomas and its relationship with Ki-67 proliferation index and recurrence. D J Med Sci 2026;12(2):91-97. doi: 10.5606/fng.btd.2026.241.

F.H.B., İ.E.: Conceptualization; F.H.B., S.U.B., İ.E.: Methodology; F.H.B., R.S., E.A.: Investigation; S.U.B.: Pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation; F.H.B., R.S., E.A.: Data curation; F.H.B.: Formal analysis, writingoriginal draft preparation; R.S., E.A., S.U.B., İ.E.: Writing-review and editing; İ.E.: Supervision and project oversight. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Data Sharing Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.

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