Review of risk factors in women diagnosed with breast cancer in the light of current data
Sümeyra Çakır1, Mehmet Tolga Kafadar2, Şeyda Nur Arslan1, Ahmet Türkan3, Berrin Kara1, Aydın İnan4
1Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, Ankara, Türkiye
2Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
3Kastamonu Dr. Münif İslamoğlu Devlet Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği, Kastamonu, Türkiye
4Ankara Umut Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği, Ankara, Türkiye
Keywords: Breast cancer; early diagnosis; risk factors.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to assess the risk level in patients diagnosed with breast malign neoplasm and the contribution of risk factors to the studies of screening made for early diagnosis.
Patients and methods: Between the January 2005 and December 2012, a total of 290 female patients (mean age 49.2 years; range 25 to 75 years) admitted to the General Surgery Polyclinic of the Turgut Ozal University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine with the complaint of the diseases of breast, diagnosed with breast malign neoplasm and whose forms of breast were filled up completely, were included in the study. The electronic database of the hospital was used as a data collection tool and the number and percentage distributions were used in the evaluation of the data.
Results: We determined that 90% of the women involved in the study were older than 35 years old, 86.6% of them were married and 59% of them were overweight. We found that 93.8% had menarche younger than 15 years old, 61.7% with irregular periods, 44.8% in the premenopausal period, 38.3% in the postmenopausal period and 54.5% in the menopause period after 50 years old. We also determined that 33.8% were pregnant with two children, 52.8% gave birth once or twice and 60.4% gave birth in the age range of 20 to 30 for the first time, 39% breastfed their babies for 12 months at most, 72.1% didn’t use oral contraceptive, 84% of the users used it for less than five years, 92.4% didn’t use hormone replacement therapy, 81.8% of the users used it for less than five years. And we found that 90.7% of the women didn’t have a pathology of uterus and ovaries, 69.3% didn’t have any operation related to breast, 74.4% didn’t have a family history of breast cancer, 41.2% didn’t have any complaints and physical examination findings were discovered in 52.8% of the women.
Conclusion: We concluded that the women involved in the study significantly had the current risk factors that cause the carcinogenesis of breast cancer and the women had to play an active role in the process of screening made for early diagnosis. We think that the necessary studies to raise the awareness of women in this regard are rather important.